List articles
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Abstract. The article discusses various approaches to the study of entrepreneurship. Identified
the most significant characteristics of entrepreneurship. Applied an integrative approach to the
study of entrepreneurship. On this basis it was concluded that entrepreneurship is an innovative,
accompanied by the risk of the activity of economic agents aimed at creating opportunities for
the creation of new capital and to receive on this basis various forms of entrepreneurial income.
The essence of entrepreneurship is to extract additional revenue from the processes of creation of
capital, increasing its productivity. Active economic entity is an entrepreneur if he creates a new
capital and generates additional income. The new capital is created in the form of productive, financial
and intellectual capital. Each type of capital may exist in a variety of forms that perform corresponding
functions. New understanding of entrepreneurship will allow to bring together different
views about it and to define more precisely the process of creating entrepreneurial organizations
to measure and evaluate the level of development of entrepreneurship in different sectors of the
economy. It is shown that the efforts of specialists should be directed to the study of the changes
of the economic environment and ways to create various forms of new capital.
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The paper attempts to define a place of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) concept discussing
the main theoretical approaches used in the contemporary research in the field of strategic
management to explain the importance of entrepreneurial orientation for a firm. In particular, it is
proposed to consider the role of EO from the perspective of design and planning schools in the
strategic management thought, as a mechanism for firm’s adaptation to the external environment,
and from the resource-based view, as a unique organizational resource that can improve firm
performance and its competitiveness. In terms of both views, contingency and configurational
approaches to the study of the relationships between EO, the main characteristics of firm business
environment, and its performance can be applied. Contingency approach implies that the
managerial practices efficiency depends on a number of contextual factors and considers twodimensional
relationships between the variables. Configurational approach is based on the same
assumption; however, it involves a consideration of complex systems of multidimensional relationships
between contextual variables. The paper presents a mind map showing the place of the entrepreneurial
orientation concept in the contemporary management studies. The basic differences
between theoretical approaches to the study of entrepreneurial orientation are discussed.
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The article explores the relationship between the level of competitiveness of enterprises and competitiveness
of its products. Hierarchy is considered the concept of «competitiveness». The author
shows the differences between the company’s competitiveness and the competitiveness of its
products. The article presents a conceptual model of the «Pyramid of competitiveness of enterprises
», which, by establishing the relationship between management, the sources of competitiveness,
core competencies and competitive advantages, illustrates the ontogenesis of the formation
of the competitiveness of enterprises. According to the presented model the competitiveness of
a company is formed as a result of targeted impacts management of the company at the sources
of competitiveness in the execution of tasks on the tactical and strategic management. Depending
on its configuration, the sources of competitiveness increase the value of management actions,
results in developing the core competencies of a business entity. Core competencies of the enterprise
are formed as a result of consolidation of the company’s resources, technology and skills,
the core competitiveness of the economic entity is the ability to apply the configuration of various
assets, to combine resources with knowledge. The process of forming the competitiveness of enterprises
chronologically and logically flows from management to competitive advantages. Thus,
the competitiveness of products is a consequence of the competitiveness of the enterprise. The
article shows the practical implications of the proposed conceptual model, consisting of the inefficiency
of the concentration of company resources exclusively on maximizing the competitiveness
of products.
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This article describes the features of competitive risks and risks of competitive positioning in the
current economic conditions. Three levels of competitive risks system were defined: competitive
risks of business directions (sectors), competitive risks of a business entity, competitive risks of
product range of the company. These levels help to identify all competitive risks. The most appropriate
methods for identifying and evaluating competitive risks at each level were determined.
The specificity of the risks of competitive positioning of the company was analyzed, including risk
assessment and management of the company competitive positions’ portfolio. The indicator for
assessing the portfolio of company’s competitive positions was proposed. The basic groups of
factors of competitive risk were classified: according to the source of origin, in relation to the specific
competitive actions, on the nature of the appearance, on the economic level. A few specific
techniques to minimize competitive risks were proposed: three-tier system of competitive actions
risk management, multi-level decision-making system, the use of a scoring or score card evaluation
model of competitive actions and competitive position. Standard methods for minimizing risks
are analyzed in terms of their applicability in relation to competitive risks.
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The article deals with the categories of justice and competitiveness, as multidimensional theoretical
concepts, the essence of which is reveales through the ideological and pragmatic context of
its substantive content.
The authors propose an original interpretation of the essence and content of both categories,
which allows conceptually and systematically linked categories of justice and competitiveness
with each other.
Competitiveness is understood by the authors as the relative quality of the subjects of economic
processes, describing their relatively greater than the competition’s ability to carry out competitive
actions; quality indicates the ability to withstand competitive pressure, i. e. a long-term profitable
presences of subjects on the relevant competitive market.
Justice is interpreted by the authors as a special immanent characteristic of functioning public institutions
of economic relations, which reflects the adequacy of observed competitive interactions
of subjects (and their results) to conventional logic of natural and logical functioning of the institutions
of economic competition, and thereby provides public recognition of aggregate economic
results of competition, do not cause its subjects doubt about the effectiveness of competitive
functioning of economic system.
The authors postulate that total public perceptions of justice of competitive interactions results, i. e.,
regularity, legitimacy and the «correctness» of the final allocation of scarce economic resources
between competitors (including the occupancy of value added), forms the objective prerequisites
for measuring the competitiveness of economic subjects.
The authors reveal conceptual relationship between competitiveness and justice, systemically
manifested on different (macro, meso and micro) levels of the national economy.
Depending on the choice of the basic concept, it is possible to make out the justice of competition
and competitiveness, and to describe the justice of institutions as a factor of competitiveness of
subjects at different levels of the economic system.
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The article presents an analysis of the rating of Russian regions by the intensity of competition and
competitive environment, created by the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation
(FAS of Russia). The author investigates an algorithm for the formation of each of the component
«subratings», wich characterize directly or indirectly the competition intensity. The author also
identifies the indicators and periods, which are used for assessment the competitive environment
and strength of competitive processes in Russian regions. There are some methodological mistakes
found in composition of FAS’s rating. In order to value the objectivity of the rating results the
author estimates correlation between the ratings of Russian regions by the competition intensity
and competitive environment, rating of regions by their investment appeal and rating of regions
by their socio-economic situation. Some statistic indicators like Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
between these three ratings and Kendall’s concordance coefficient between four «subratings
» were calculated for evaluation the interdependence of rank order of regions within the ratings.
On the base of this analysis the author found some disparate results of FAS’ rating which can
be caused by identified methodological mistakes. As the result of this issue the author gives some
necessary methodological changes in the methodology of FAS’s rating.
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