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Article is devoted to the dynamics of development of small and medium-sized business in Rus- sia. The article presents the directions of state support of small and medium-sized businesses: financial, property, information and consulting support, and assistance in the field of training and development of employees. Statistics on the proportion and structure of small and medium enterprises in Russia is provided.
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№ 1(43)
27 february 2014 year
Rubric: International competition Authors: Barnashov O., Khalaf S., Mirou J. |
The article analyzes the factors of competitive relations between the U.S. and Russia in the Middle East. Various spheres of geopolitical competition are disclosed and describes the competitive situations between the U.S. and Russia in the competition for economic and political influence in key countries in the Middle East. Continue... |
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The article reveals the theoretical definitions of competition, as a philosophical, economic, social, psychological, and biological phenomena. The paper describes causes of manifestations of competition in today’s economy. The author formulates a definition of the competitive environment, the competitive environment and competitive features. The article explains the concept of competitive results and describes the conditions for achieving them. The author defines the competitive advantages and disadvantages, strengths and weaknesses of competitors. The article also discloses a process for assessing competitive advantages and disadvantages of market participants. This article is based on the materials of the first chapter of the new, forthcoming textbook «Competition».
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Behavior of economic agents in the market is largely due to the desire to maximize the result of income which arises from the interaction with other actors. Impulse maximization sometimes appears in the form of extensive expansion — to increase the physical boundaries of the firm, raising its influence in the market. However, this is not always justified. Control may arise in intensive penetration by creating dependencies between counterparties. It seems that the key to understanding these processes should serve as transaction costs. Their role falls creating sustainable relationships, and seems to be exactly in their ability to form a specific ratio to engage in a dominant position in a slightly different form than traditionally seen. Building on this hypothesis article focuses on the existence of the problem of identifying the boundaries of economic agents. The apparent ease of solution of the problem faces a number of significant challenges linkages between the concepts of determining the boundaries of the institutional theory. Taking place in the methodological rigor of the contra- dictions is the current approach, where the boundary is something that occurs under the influence of either internal or external shocks. In resolving the issue by the author proposed integration model based on the ratio of transaction costs. The paper summarized and systematized presentation on the nature of the formation boundaries of economic agents. We show the importance of the permeability properties of the boundaries on the micro- and macrolevels in redesigning performance businesses and determining the viscosity of the economic environment (friction).
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This article focuses on the development of antitrust policy in transition economies in the context of preventing explicit and tacit collusion. Experience of Russia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine in the creation of antitrust institutions was analyzed, including both legislation and enforcement practice, in particular, unique features in the use of «rule of reason» approach. Also were shown problems that still remain actual for transition economies in this area, including the problem of cooperation between competition authority and police system and the standard of proof problem in the case of collusion. These countries in the early 90th were in similar socio-economic conditions and were forced to create completely new institutions in the field of protection of competition. It is shown that existing quantitative ratings of competition can’t be regarded as certain final assessment of the effectiveness of antitrust policy. The article proposes a special approach to evaluation of preventing col- lusion mechanisms, based on the institutional analysis. This approach takes into account such enforcement problems as: classification problems (tacit vs explicit collusion, vertical vs horizontal agreements), flexibility of prohibitions («per se» vs «rule of reason»), design of sanctions, private enforcement challenge, leniency program mechanisms, the role of antitrust authorities, especially in criminal investigation issues etc.
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In this paper, based on data of 455 Russian firms, the author analyzes the differences in the perception of external and internal factors of internationalization among firms that have international operations and firms that operate only in Russian market. The results help to identify the factors that should be considered while elaborating internationalization strategy and government support programs.
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