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The article is devoted to the research of the state of competition on the market of construction risks’
insurance in Russia. In the countries with the developed market economy the competition exists not
only between the commercial insurance organizations, but also between commercial and mutual
organizations that act on the mentioned market. The article examines the possibilities of the development
of the competition on the Russian market of construction risks’ insurance that are connected
with the appearance of the special mutual insurance organizations. In the construction field that is
one of the most capital-intensive industry the great importance is always attached to the measures
intended to the optimization of the different risks that can potentially lead to the great amount of
damage. It’s quite difficult to name all the risks which appear during the realization of the construction
project. Construction organization faces with the risks of harm to life and health, entrepreneurial,
financial, commercial, innovation, ecological risks. The main amount of risks of construction project
accounts for the construction risks. These risks exist on all stages of the construction project: preproject
phase; project phase; construction stage; operation stage. Construction risks cover a wide
range of risks connected with the realization of construction project. In the strict sense construction
risks are technical risks. In a broad sense construction risks include not only technical ones but also
risks of liability of construction organizations for causing harm to life, health and property of the third
parties during the realization of construction. Also construction risks include risks connected with
the poor-quality execution of the contract. The article provides a sense of importance of the mutual
insurance for developing of the competition in order for the creation of the complete protection of
the property risks for all the participants that take part in the construction.
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In Russia in the 90‑ies of XX century in the markets of alcoholic beverages, tobacco products, gambling,
the system of competition through deregulation, de-monopolization and liberalization of economic
activities were created without taking into account the specificity of these goods, theoretical assumptions,
practice and experience of Scandinavian countries, similar with our country in consumption
patterns. With an increase of the crisis phenomena in economy the Russian government turns for replenishment
to the markets of addictive goods, which could happen at the current stage. The publication
presents the actual competitive characteristics of markets for addictive goods, the main scenarios
of institutional regulation of these markets and factors of their implementation. The market of alcohol
products is a market of monopolistic competition. The specificity of the competitive conditions on the
market of tobacco products and energy drinks market can attribute them to oligopolistic. Government
controlled gambling markets within the borders of the gambling zones, as well as licensed games in
bookmaker offices and the totes, are regulated by oligopolies. On the black market the gambling institutions
continue their activity with the possibility to concentrate into a monopoly. The drug market works
under following conditions: the official state ban; strict state monopoly on the cultivation of narcotic
plants for use in scientific, educational purposes, in expert and other legitimate activities; the shadow
monopoly structures in the form of cartels, syndicates or multi-purpose organized criminal groups. The
field of institutional changes on the market of addictive goods is determined within the framework of
the inertial, modernizational, state-monopolistic and prohibitionist scenarios, which saving factors are
political, economic, social, foreign, emergency ones, their impact is different in the markets of alcohol
products, tobacco products, electronic cigarettes, gambling games, energy drinks, drugs.
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The article reveals the terminological definition and essential features of the competitive environment.
The purpose of the article is to justify that the educational environment of modern professional
education is competitive. To prove this thesis, author reveals the historical and chronological context
of the development of professional education environment in Europe and the USA, and describes
the current state of competitive environment for professional education. Author comes to the conclusion
that denial of competitive nature of educational environment in planning and implementing
measures of government support for professional education leads to negative consequences for
the entire system of professional education.
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№2(68)
- №3(69)
20 june 2018 year
Rubric: Industry market Authors: Orlova L., Ilin A., Ostroukhov S. |
The paper focuses on the authors’ views on the relevance of the state intervention the need for
state intervention and regulation in the sport sector. Whereas modern sport is not only a social but
also an economic phenomenon, its development, affects the interests of all socio-economic groups.
To answer the question whether the state regulation in sport and in the sports industry is needed,
the authors conducted a number of studies: comparative (other countries’ experience has been
studied), economics and statistics (the analysis of statistical information has been carried out) and
empirical (a public-opinion poll has been held). Drawing on the example of auto racing the features
of the interaction between the public and private entities in the sports industry are demonstrated.
The paper justifies the need of the state intervention in sports organizations performance by reference
to the definitions of sport as business and physical activity and culture.
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The mechanism implemented in the educational activities of innovative conceptual clustering
model of creating research and entrepreneurial University. Are the results of the analysis of the
applicability of the conceptual ideas, providing formation and competitive development of the private
higher education institution that implements this model. Theoretical study of education services
market highlighted several sub-levels organization knowledge: theoretical models and laws,
as theories of limited scope; developed scientific theories, which include private theoretical laws as
a consequence. This methodology proposed construction and development of competitive clusters
in the field of education. The research model is the theory of competitive clusters f. Kotler, adapted
to education. It is proved that the competition process research and educational cluster is the most
significant and successful because it combines educational motivation to good research practice.
Proposed conceptual vision of formation and development of regional Interuniversity education as
research and educational cluster. Introduced the concept of «paradigm of research and educational
cluster», which is a competitive regional cluster of educational institutions, which can include both
domestic and foreign universities. Innovation cluster is grounded structure of market competition
in the field of education, which is based on an open and long-term cooperation of University other
subjects macro, microenvironments educational, and other sectoral markets.
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The article represents a research on LNG contracts evolution: starting with reasons behind persistent
dominance of long-term contracts, followed by the analysis of their current transformation,
possible future development and the role of such processes in forming global gas market and turning
LNG into traded commodity — the two key powers of enhancing competitiveness. High level of
specialization and the cost of LNG infrastructure determined the key features of contract relations
during the first years of the LNG sector more than 50 years ago. With few buyers and sellers, back
in that day trade based on short-term basis, would have created substantial risks for both parties.
Thus, for the purposes of mitigating those risks and market uncertainty and facilitating efficient trade
long-term contracts were the most suitable option. But as the sector developed such contracts lost
their ability to reflect changes in market fundamental adequately and sufficiently restricted LNG`s
ability to compete with other energy sources. Different external shocks, with which the global energy
markets recent turbulent environment bustles, increase and diversification of demand and supply,
and possible oversupply, disadvantages of existing pricing system, technological innovation and
even excessive growth of LNG fleet contributed in active development of short-term and spot trade
and consequently the market globalization process. Long-term contracts will hardly become extinct
but will definitely undergo substantial changes. Historical antecedents from other energy markets
(oil in 1970 – 1980, US gas in the late 1990s) prove the conclusions of the long-term outcomes of the
current transformation and their role in forming a liquid market and increasing LNG`s competitiveness.
There is still a long way ahead for the gas market to become global and the LNG sector, the
main driving force of the globalization will undergo a cobweb process of finding the most optimal
and efficient form of contractual relations. But these are the transformations critically boosting LNG`s
power to compete within the energy sector.
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